History of climbing

"There are early documented examples of people "rock climbing" to achieve various objectives. The Le Quart Livre records that in 1492, ordered by his king, Antoine de Ville used castle siege tactics to ascend Mont Aiguille, a 300-meter rock tower, near Grenoble, France. In 1695, Martin Martin described the traditional practice of fowling by climbing with the use of ropes in the Hebrides of Scotland, especially on St Kilda.
The first ascent of Mont Blanc in 1786, started mountaineering's "modern era"...however it would take another century until the fixed anchors of rock climbing appeared, including pitons, bolts, and rappel slings..."

The main types of climbing

Bouldering consists of short routes where ropes or equipment aren't used. Bouldering problems won't exceed 6 metres commonly. Free climbing is the primary type of climbing, where a person climbs with ropes and tools and has a belayer. It's called free because there's no aid, you're climbing with your body. Solo climbing is a style of climbing where the climber ascends without any form of assistance, i.e. ropes.

So what is a dyno?

A dyno (short for dynamic movement) is a climbing technique where a person launches themselves from one hold to another, often over a large distance. Both hands will leave the wall or hold, and often your feet will also be flying through the air. This is in contrast to the more traditional means of climbing known as static climbing; in static climbing the person would aim to always have three points of contact with the wall and would move methodically and with careful precision.
Who started the cult of dyno's? It's uncertain but a man named John Gill in the 1950's is the best known for growing bouldering and dyno's.
Another aspect of dyno's is the fear, and by doing more dyno's we can learn to overcome fear and thus improve ourselves. Carlos Traversi writes this about being afraid of dyno's.

"Dynamic movements, especially into the unknown, are typically movements that push us into that cycle of irrational fear. But they also, by making us face our fear, present great opportunities for growth. There’s no better time to reset focus and flow than when executing a smooth deadpoint or dyno. Take a deep breath, let your body relax, and remember that you’ve already visualized and negated the potential risks of the next move from the ground. Eye up the next hold and go for it. Go hard, like you mean it! Go with everything you’ve got! This process will help you build confidence that you can take with you from route to route or problem to problem as you progress as a climber. So the next time you’re a little runout and the next hold is out of reach, embrace the jump—you just might surprise yourself!"